The circle of fifths diagram

The circle of fifths is a diagram that shows all major and minor keys, organized in a circular pattern.

Major keys are placed in an outer ring, with their relative minor keys directly inside.

Each point on the circle represents either a key, a note, or a chord.

On the outside of the circle, each key’s signature is displayed.

Major and relative minor keys share the same key signature, so F major and D minor both have one flat, for example.

This tool is useful for understanding how keys and chords relate to one another. The circle of fifths can be used to:

• Identify key signatures:

The top position on the circle is C major, with no sharps or flats.

Moving one step clockwise adds a sharp, while moving counterclockwise adds a flat.

• Compose music:

By choosing chords from a section of the circle, you can create harmonies that belong to the same key, as neighboring chords on any quarter of the circle naturally sound good together.

• Transpose chords:

The circle helps transpose chords by shifting a chord sequence around the circle.

For instance, if you start with C, F, and G, moving those positions around the circle would turn them into A, D, and E in the key of A major.

Moving clockwise on the circle moves each key up a perfect fifth, while moving counterclockwise moves down a perfect fifth. Starting on any key and moving up twelve perfect fifths brings you back to your starting key, completing the circle.